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The distribution of medications has special drug safety and security considerations. [1] Some drugs require cold chain management in their distribution. [2]The industry uses track and trace technology, though the timings for implementation and the information required vary across different countries, with varying laws and standards.
Few PBMs are independently owned and operated. PBMs operate inside of integrated healthcare systems (e.g., Kaiser Permanente or Veterans Health Administration), as part of retail pharmacies, major chain drug stores (e.g., CVS Pharmacy or Rite-Aid), and as subsidiaries of managed care plans or insurance companies (e.g., UnitedHealth Group). [1] [37]
The pharmaceutical industry is a medical industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets pharmaceutical goods such as medications and medical devices. Medications are then administered to (or self-administered by) patients for curing or preventing disease or to alleviate symptoms of illness or injury.
A cold chain is a supply chain that uses refrigeration to maintain perishable goods, such as pharmaceuticals, produce or other goods that are temperature-sensitive. [1] Common goods, sometimes called cool cargo, [2] distributed in cold chains include fresh agricultural produce, [3] seafood, frozen food, photographic film, chemicals, and pharmaceutical products. [4]
Pharmaceutical sales representatives or Medical sales respresentatives [1] are salespeople employed by pharmaceutical companies to persuade doctors to prescribe their drugs to patients. Drug companies in the United States spend ~$5 billion annually sending representatives to doctors, [ 2 ] to provide product information, answer questions on ...
A supply chain is the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product. A supply chain encompasses everything from the delivery of source materials from the supplier to the manufacturer through to its eventual delivery to the end user.
Example pharmaceutical packaging line. All aspects of pharmaceutical production, including packaging, are tightly controlled and have regulatory requirements. Uniformity, cleanliness , sterility, and other requirements are needed to maintain Good Manufacturing Practices. Product safety management is vital.
One of India's largest pharmaceutical companies, Divi's Laboratories, is the world's largest manufacturer of more than 10 generic APIs. [36] Laurus Labs supplies APIs to 9 out of the 10 largest generic pharmaceutical companies, and is a leading producer of APIs for antiretroviral, cardiovascular and oncology drugs. [37]