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The Bosnian Crisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (German: Bosnische Annexionskrise, Turkish: Bosna Krizi; Serbo-Croatian: Aneksiona kriza, Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908 [1] when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, [a] territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but under Austro ...
1912 – Albanian Declaration of Independence. Balkan League is formed by four Balkan countries. 1912–13 – Balkan Wars. 1912–13 – First Balkan War; 1913 – Second Balkan War; 1913 – London Convention, Turkey lost Crete and European territory except for Istanbul; 1914–18 – World War I; alliance with Germany; Turkish loss
The Bulgarian Crisis (Българска криза, Balgarska kriza) refers to a series of events in the Balkans between 1885 and 1888 that affected the balance of power between the Great Powers and the conflict between Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire.
The History of the Balkan Peninsula; From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (1966) Stanković, Vlada, ed. (2016). The Balkans and the Byzantine World before and after the Captures of Constantinople, 1204 and 1453. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-1326-5. Stavrianos, L.S. The Balkans Since 1453 (1958), major scholarly history; online free to ...
Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0275978885. Hall, Richard C. (2000). The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 0415229464. Helmreich, Ernst Christian (1938). The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Harvard University Press.
International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Map of Europe during First Balkan War at omniatlas.com Archived 14 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine; Films about the Balkan War at europeanfilmgateway.eu; Clemmesen, M. H. Not Just a Prelude: The First Balkan War Crisis as the Catalyst of Final European War Preparations (2012) Anderson, D. S.
The Bosnian Serbs received support from Christian Slavic fighters from various countries in Eastern Europe, [123] [124] including volunteers from other Orthodox Christian countries. These included hundreds of Russians, [125] around 100 Greeks, [126] and some Ukrainians and Romanians. [126] Some estimate as many as 1,000 such volunteers. [127]
Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Bucharest ended the war and recognized an independent Albanian state ruled by a constitutional monarchy. 1914: March: William, Prince of Albania, of Wied was installed as head of the new Principality of Albania by the International Commission of Control. September: World War I: The new Albanian state collapsed ...