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The square academic cap, graduate cap, cap, mortarboard [1] (because of its similarity in appearance to the mortarboard used by brickmasons to hold mortar [2]) or Oxford cap [3] is an item of academic dress consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre.
Hindustani (sometimes called Hindi–Urdu) is a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and the Hindi Belt of India. It forms a dialect continuum between its two formal registers: the highly Persianized Urdu, and the de-Persianized, Sanskritized Hindi. [2] Urdu uses a modification of the Persian alphabet, whereas Hindi uses Devanagari ...
The Class VI book (Punjab Textbook Board) on Islamic Studies says: "Though being a student, you cannot practically participate in jihad, but you may provide financial support for jihad." The Class IV (ages 8–9) book (Punjab Textbook Board) on Urdu says: "The better a Muslim we become, the better a citizen we prove to be."
Note that this direct script conversion will not yield correct spellings, [19] but rather a readable text for both the readers. Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra ...
The curriculum consists of well-established programs in Hindi and is delivered via a syllabus and books tailored for Indian-American children. Since its inception, the organization has strived to develop a sense of cultural pride in the students by familiarizing them to the Indian arts, customs, language, and history, and keeping them abreast ...
Old Hindi [a] or Khariboli was the earliest stage of the Hindustani language, and so the ancestor of today's Hindi and Urdu. [2] It developed from Shauraseni Prakrit and was spoken by the peoples of the region around Delhi , in roughly the 10th–13th centuries before the Delhi Sultanate .
Hindi in the Devanagari script and Urdu written in the Perso-Arabic script established a sectarian divide of "Urdu" for Muslims and "Hindi" for Hindus, a divide that was formalised with the partition of colonial India into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan after independence (though there are Hindu poets who continue to write ...
In Kurukshetra University (India), he initiated the Bazm-e-Adab (a literary body) and introduced the study of Urdu in the University Curriculum where he taught Urdu as Teacher In-charge for 26 years. He was the author of over one dozen Urdu and Hindi books, both in poetry and prose, including children's literature in Urdu. [citation needed]