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  2. Translation studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_studies

    Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and localization. As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation.

  3. Translational research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational_research

    T0 is laboratory (before human) research. In T1-translation, new laboratory discoveries are first translated to human application, which includes phase I & II clinical trials. In T2-translation, candidate health applications progress through clinical development to engender the evidence base for integration into clinical practice guidelines.

  4. Posselt's envelope of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posselt's_Envelope_of_Motion

    Translation Translation occurs in the upper TMJ compartment and provides most of the mandible's ability to open. Articular disc and condyle complex slide inferiorly on the articular eminences, allowing maximum depression of the mandible. [7] Maximal Mandibular Opening (T). Condylar heads are said to be at a maximum anterior-inferior position.

  5. Category:Translation studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Translation_studies

    The Interpretive Theory of Translation; La traduction et la lettre ou l'auberge du lointain; Transcreation; Translating Beowulf; Translating "law" to other European languages; Translation and Literature; Translation criticism; Translation project; Translation Terminology Writing; Translation theory; Translators Association of China

  6. Domestication and foreignization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_and_foreigni...

    In his 1998 book The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, Venuti states that "Domestication and foreignization deal with 'the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'".

  7. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino ...

  8. Skopos theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopos_theory

    The theory first appeared in an article published by linguist Hans Josef Vermeer in the German Journal Lebende Sprachen, 1978. [2]As a realisation of James Holmes’ map of Translation Studies (1972), [3] [4] skopos theory is the core of the four approaches of German functionalist translation theory [5] that emerged around the late twentieth century.

  9. Comparative medicine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_medicine

    Comparative medicine is a distinct discipline of experimental medicine that uses animal models of human and animal disease in translational and biomedical research. [1]: 2 [2] In other words, it relates and leverages biological similarities and differences among species to better understand the mechanism of human and animal disease.