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The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history.
The siege of Bilär was a battle for the capital city of Volga Bulgaria, between the Volga Bulgars and the Mongols.It took place in the autumn of 1236 and lasted 45 days. It ended with the destruction of Bilär and the massacre of its population, estimated at several dozen thousa
The campaigning in Bulgaria probably happened mainly in the north, where archaeology yields evidence of destruction from this period. The Mongols did, however, cross Bulgaria to attack the Latin Empire to its south before withdrawing completely. Bulgaria was forced to pay tribute to the Mongols, and this continued thereafter.
Dual channel FFT tool for equalization of sound systems using the transfer function. GPL-2.0-or-later: Praat: Paul Boersma and David Weenink of the University of Amsterdam Yes Yes Yes A program for the analysis of speech in phonetics. GPL-2.0-or-later: Sonic Visualiser: Centre for Digital Music at Queen Mary, University of London: Yes Yes Yes ...
Nevertheless, at the end of the 14th century, the Ottomans conquered the whole of Bulgaria. [132] Under the Ottoman system, Christians were considered an inferior class of people. Thus, Bulgarians, like other Christians, were subjected to heavy taxes and a small portion of the Bulgarian populace experienced partial or complete Islamisation. [133]
Free audio software is free software that can be used to listen to, modify, create and/or author audio signals and music The main article for this category is Comparison of free software for audio .
Relations somewhat deteriorated for the next ten years, however, since 2001, they have been on a more positive track. Until the 1990s Bulgaria was Mongolia's third biggest trading partner, with agricultural products and light industry goods being the main exports. The volume of trade between Bulgaria and Mongolia totaled $2 million in 2008. [3]
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate [2]) was a historical Bulgar [3] [4] [5] state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.