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Durability is the ability of a physical product to remain functional, without requiring excessive maintenance or repair, when faced with the challenges of normal operation over its design lifetime. [ 1 ] : 5 There are several measures of durability in use, including years of life, hours of use, and number of operational cycles. [ 2 ]
This topic is called reliability theory, reliability analysis or reliability engineering in engineering, duration analysis or duration modelling in economics, and event history analysis in sociology. Survival analysis attempts to answer certain questions, such as what is the proportion of a population which will survive past a certain time?
A car is a durable good. The gasoline that powers it is a non-durable (or consumable) good. Examples of consumer durable goods include housing, vehicles, books, household goods (home appliances, consumer electronics, furniture, musical instruments, tools, etc.), sports equipment, jewelry, medical equipment, and toys.
To overcome the durability problem, durable good manufacturers must persuade consumers to replace functioning products with new ones or to pay them money in other ways. Replacement of functioning goods refers to business strategies that persuade or force consumers to purchase new products.
In economics, a common-pool resource (CPR) is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system (e.g. an irrigation system or fishing grounds), whose size or characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use.
In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services. [6] A typical example is the machinery used in a factory. At the macroeconomic level, "the nation's capital stock includes buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a ...
Thomson's experiments with cathode rays (1897): J. J. Thomson's cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the electron and its negative charge). Eötvös experiment (1909): Loránd Eötvös publishes the result of the second series of experiments, clearly demonstrating that inertial and gravitational mass are one and the same.
In biology, optimality models are a tool used to evaluate the costs and benefits of different organismal features, traits, and characteristics, including behavior, in the natural world. This evaluation allows researchers to make predictions about an organism's optimal behavior or other aspects of its phenotype .