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The following table provides the reduction potentials of the indicated reducing agent at 25 °C. For example, among sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), cuprous (Cu +) and chloride (Cl −), it is Na that is the strongest reducing agent while Cl − is the weakest; said differently, Na + is the weakest oxidizing agent in this list while Cl is the strongest.
For example, zinc borohydride, nominally Zn(BH 4) 2, is used for mild selective reduction of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of other reducible groups. [4] The central metal (usually B vs Al) strongly influences reducing agent's strength. Aluminum hydrides are more nucleophilic and better reducing agents relative to borohydrides. [5]
a strong base; deprotonates ketones and esters to generate enolate derivative Sodium borohydride: a versatile reducing agent; converts ketones and aldehydes to alcohols Sodium chlorite: in organic synthesis, used for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids Sodium hydride: a strong base used in organic synthesis Sodium hydroxide
For example, the amino acid tyrosine could be protected as a benzyl ester on the carboxyl group, a fluorenylmethylenoxy carbamate on the amine group, and a tert-butyl ether on the phenol group. The benzyl ester can be removed by hydrogenolysis, the fluorenylmethylenoxy group (Fmoc) by bases (such as piperidine), and the phenolic tert -butyl ...
Hydrides such as sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride, diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL) and super hydride, are commonly used as reducing agents in chemical synthesis. The hydride adds to an electrophilic center, typically unsaturated carbon. Hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride are used as strong bases in organic ...
Reductones are reducing agents, thus efficacious antioxidants. Some are fairly strong acids. [ 2 ] Examples of reductones are tartronaldehyde, reductic acid and ascorbic acid.
The following table provides the reduction potentials of the indicated reducing agent at 25 °C. For example, among sodium (Na) metal, chromium (Cr) metal, cuprous (Cu +) ion and chloride (Cl −) ion, it is Na metal that is the strongest reducing agent while Cl − ion is the weakest; said differently, Na + ion is the weakest oxidizing agent ...
Zinc is a strong reducing agent with a standard redox potential of −0.76 V. Pure zinc tarnishes rapidly in air, rapidly forming a passive layer. The composition of this layer can be complex, but one constituent is probably basic zinc carbonate, Zn 5 (OH) 6 CO 3. [8] The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer.