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Oral administration of a liquid. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration ...
This is a process by which nanoparticles are used to carry and deliver drugs to a specific area in the body. There are several advantages of using nanotechnology for drug delivery, including precise targeting of specific cells, increased drug potency, and lowered toxicity to the cells that are targeted.
A syringe being prepared for injection of medication. An injection (often and usually referred to as a "shot" in US English, a "jab" in UK English, or a "jag" in Scottish English and Scots) is the act of administering a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe. [1]
The drug—usually (but not always) in a powder or crystal form—is dissolved in water, normally in a spoon, tin, bottle cap, the bottom of a soda can, or another metal container. Cylindrical metal containers—sometimes called "cookers"—are provided by needle exchange programs. Users draw the required amount of water into a syringe and ...
Rectal administration (colloquially known as boofing or plugging) uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels, [Note 1] and flow into the body's circulatory system, which distributes the drug to the body's organs and bodily systems.
Subcutaneous administration is the insertion of medications beneath the skin either by injection or infusion. A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis , the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis , collectively referred to as the cutis .
Topical drug delivery (TDD) is a route of drug administration that allows the topical formulation to be delivered across the skin upon application, hence producing a localized effect to treat skin disorders like eczema. [1] [2] The formulation of topical drugs can be classified into corticosteroids, antibiotics, antiseptics, and anti-fungal.
The first drug delivery system is often dated to the 1950s, when Smith Kline & French Laboratories introduced the Spansule technology. [2] Between 1950s and 1980s, there were four drug release systems developed for oral and transdermal applications: dissolution, diffusion, osmosis, and ion-exchange controlled release. [3]