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Cutaway diagram of possible internal structure. Venus's crust appears to be 20–25 kilometres (12–16 mi) thick on average, and composed of mafic silicate rocks. [19] Venus's mantle is approximately 2,840 kilometres (1,760 mi) thick, its chemical composition is probably similar to that of chondrites.
It is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" due to their similar size, gravity, and bulk composition (Venus is both the closest planet to Earth and the planet closest in size to Earth). The surface of Venus is covered by a dense atmosphere and presents clear evidence of former violent volcanic activity.
The surface of Venus is dominated by geologic features that include volcanoes, large impact craters, and aeolian erosion and sedimentation landforms. Venus has a topography reflecting its single, strong crustal plate, with a unimodal elevation distribution (over 90% of the surface lies within an elevation of -1.0 and 2.5 km) [1] that preserves geologic structures for long periods of time.
The United States Geological Survey defines sixty-two cartographic quadrangles for the surface of Venus, [54] with V-1 as the north pole region and V-62 as the south pole region. Base on the FMAPs, different groups of Venus researchers are mapping different quadrangles for the surface of Venus, resulting in different type of units defined.
Composition of the atmosphere of Venus. The chart on the right is an expanded view of the trace elements that all together do not even make up a tenth of a percent. The atmosphere of Venus is composed of 96.5% carbon dioxide, 3.5% nitrogen, and traces of other gases, most notably sulfur dioxide. [12]
The geology of the dwarf planet, Ceres, was largely unknown until Dawn spacecraft explored it in early 2015. However, certain surface features such as "Piazzi", named after the dwarf planets' discoverer, had been resolved.[a] Ceres's oblateness is consistent with a differentiated body, a rocky core overlain with an icy mantle.
The Soviet Venera landings revealed that the surface of Venus is essentially basaltic in composition based on geochemical measurements and morphology of volcanic flows. [7] The surface of Venus is dominated by patterns of basaltic volcanism, and by compressional and extensional tectonic deformation, such as the highly deformed tesserae terrain ...
Geology of Mercury; Physical characteristics of Venus Structure of Venus; Atmosphere of Venus; Geology of Venus. Volcanism on Venus; Physical characteristics of the Earth Figure of the Earth; Structure of the Earth. Earth's crust; Earth's mantle; Earth's outer core; Earth's inner core; Earth's magnetic field; Atmosphere of Earth; Geology of ...