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Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
In mass communication, the Hierarchy of Influences, formally known as the Hierarchical Influences Model, is an organized theoretical framework introduced by Pamela Shoemaker & Stephen D. Reese. It comprises five levels of influence on media content from the macro to micro levels: social systems, social institutions, media organizations, routine ...
The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a communication model described in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. [2] [3] It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances.
Despite being widely seen as a model of communication, not everyone agrees that this is an accurate characterization. [2] A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components.
Taking the communication perspective confers something like "communication literacy"—the ability to inscribe and read the complex process of communication in real-time. Among other things, CMM's concepts and models guide practitioners in helping clients become aware of the patterns of communication which make up aspects of the social world.
The industries of sales and advertising use Monroe's step-by-step sequence to motivate potential buyers to take action (purchase a product). Monroe's Motivated sequence presents itself as a core model in communication theory because there is otherwise little guidance for presenters in organizing ideas in persuasive speech. [11] [12]
1. "Speech Codes Theory does not account for manifestations of power in discourse. This is a matter of omission in the theoretical assumptions, methodological framework, and examination of fieldwork materials. 2. Speech Codes Theory treats culture as overly deterministic. A corollary to this is that it reifies culture as a static entity." [3]
The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the earliest models of communication. [2] [3] [4] It was initially published by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". [5] The model was further developed together with Warren Weaver in their co-authored 1949 book The Mathematical Theory of Communication.