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The earliest computer systems that represented geographic phenomena were quantitative analysis models developed during the quantitative revolution in geography in the 1950s and 1960s; these could not be called a geographic information system because they did not attempt to store geographic data in a consistent permanent structure, but were usually statistical or mathematical models.
A map analysis is a study regarding map types, i.e. political maps, military maps, contour lines etc., and the unique physical qualities of a map, [1] i.e. scale, title, legend etc. It is also a way of decoding the message and symbols of the map and placing it within its proper spatial and cultural context, as well as identifying changes in ...
A thematic map is a type of map that portrays the geographic pattern of a particular subject matter (theme) in a geographic area. This usually involves the use of map symbols to visualize selected properties of geographic features that are not naturally visible, such as temperature, language, or population. [1]
Paper maps, which have been digitized for many years as a data source, can also be of widely varying quality. A quantitative analysis of maps brings accuracy issues into focus. The electronic and other equipment used to make measurements for GIS is far more precise than the machines of conventional map analysis.
Mean Annual Temperature map of Ohio from Geography of Ohio 1923. The maps that reflect the territorial distribution of climatic conditions based on the results of long-term observations are called climatic maps. [9] These maps can be compiled both for individual climatic features (temperature, precipitation, humidity) and for combinations of ...
A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic size is altered to be directly proportional to a selected variable, such as travel time, population, or gross national income. Geographic space ...
Geographic analytics starts with the visualization of basic data on a map. By involving experts from the field, the visualization is then being used in order to determine framing conditions and focal points of the business problem. As a result, the solution space, i.e. the number of possible solutions of the data analysis, is being reduced.
Cartographic features are types of abstract geographical features, which appear on maps but not on the planet itself, even though they are located on the planet. For example, grid lines, latitudes, longitudes, the Equator, the prime meridian, and many types of boundary, are shown on maps of Earth, but do not physically exist. They are ...