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The incumbent President, therefore, legally retains all powers he had during most of his term in the 72-78 day period between Election Day (2nd-8th November) and the inauguration of the new President. According to the Congressional Research Service's publication, Presidential Transitions: Issues Involving Outgoing and Incoming Administrations:
If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice ...
The vice president is almost entirely a ceremonial position, the major purpose is to become the president at a moment's notice. The president is so important that it's worth it to have a full time back up. There is one other duty the Vice President has, he opens/presents the ballots from the states for presidential elections.
Background. Sections 3 and 4 of the 25th amendment talks about the role of Acting President.. Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such ...
The constitutional powers of the president are in Article 2, Section 2. As noted in the current national state of emergency declaration in adjan's answer (Proclamation 7463), Title 50, Chapter 34 of the United States Code covers the current mechanism for declaring and terminating states of emergency (first introduced into law as the National ...
The President can only exercise statutory powers with the permission of the Cabinet. The President would have a blanket constitutional power to issue pardons, amnesties, and commutations, but Congress would have the capacity to pass statutes specifying or limiting the exercise of that power.
Apparently, the President of the Weimar Republic had powers like the President has in many countries, and more power added into his commitment within emergency state (Article 48 of the Weimar Republic Constitution). The Reich Chancellor was one of the highest in the Government, which could replace the Reich President (Article 51). Source/Research:
The President is the Head of State, but unlike other heads of State, he is not part of any of the classical powers. instead, he forms a fourth, neutral power. The President does not possess power but a lot of administrative importance, and his main purpose aside from representation is the supervision of legislature and executive, so no one can ...
When I was in school (late 90's, US mid-Atlantic region), we were taught that the government had a separation of powers, and the President had unilateral permission do perform certain actions, such as declare war, but these actions were checked by a 30- or 60-day time limit, after which a supporting action had to be ratified by (eg) Congress in order for this action to remain in effect.
Germany: President is elected by the federal convention, and requires Cabinet approval to exercise most powers. Iceland: President is elected by popular vote, and is bound by convention to defer executive decisions to the Cabinet. Ireland: President is elected by popular vote, but does not possess executive power.