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Levels of evapotranspiration in a given area are primarily controlled by three factors: [10] Firstly, the amount of water present. Secondly, the amount of energy present in the air and soil (e.g. heat, measured by the global surface temperature ); and thirdly the ability of the atmosphere to take up water ( humidity ).
Two major factors influence the rate of water flow from the soil to the roots: the hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the magnitude of the pressure gradient through the soil. Both of these factors influence the rate of bulk flow of water moving from the roots to the stomatal pores in the leaves via the xylem. [7]
Operation and design of evapotranspiration waste disposal systems: Author: Hasfurther, Victor R: Software used: Internet Archive: Conversion program: Recoded by LuraDocument PDF v2.68: Encrypted: no: Page size: 552 x 724 pts; 530 x 724 pts; 548 x 729 pts; 552 x 731 pts; Version of PDF format: 1.5
When water evaporates, it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. When it condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment. These heat exchanges influence the climate system. The evaporative phase of the cycle purifies water because it causes salts and other solids picked up during the cycle to be left behind.
Various forms of crop coefficients (K c) account for differences between specific vegetation modeled and a reference evapotranspiration (RET or ET 0) standard. Stress coefficients (K s) account for reductions in ET due to environmental stress (e.g. soil saturation reduces root-zone O 2, low soil moisture induces wilt, air pollution effects, and ...
It is a steel container 1.83 m (6 ft) on a side and 0.61 m (2 ft) deep, sunk into the ground with an above-ground rim of 7.6–10 centimetres (3.0–3.9 in) and is painted black internally. Its evaporation rate is lower than the Class A pan and conversion factors must be used. [8]
Monthly estimated potential evapotranspiration and measured pan evaporation for two locations in Hawaii, Hilo and Pahala. Potential evapotranspiration is usually measured indirectly, from other climatic factors, but also depends on the surface type, such as free water (for lakes and oceans), the soil type for bare soil, and also the density and diversity of vegetation.
A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate.