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Reactive Power Control in AC Power Systems: Fundamentals and Current Issues. Springer. pp. 117– 136. ISBN 978-3-319-51118-4. OCLC 1005810845. Kundur, Prabha (22 January 1994). "Reactive Power and Voltage Control" (PDF). Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 627– 687. ISBN 978-0-07-035958-1. OCLC 1054007373.
A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is an electrical device for providing fast-acting reactive power compensation on high-voltage electricity transmission networks. It uses a pair of three-phase controllable bridges to produce current that is injected into a transmission line using a series transformer. [ 1 ]
Since a STATCOM varies its voltage magnitude to control reactive power, the topology of how the VSC is designed and connected defines how effectively and quickly it can operate. There are numerous different topologies available for VSCs and power electronic based converters, the most common ones are covered below.
In the restructured North American power transmission grid, these centers belong to balancing authorities numbered 74 in 2016, [4] the entities responsible for operations are also called independent system operators, transmission system operators. The other form of balancing resources of multiple power plants is a power pool. [5]
Consumer loads expect voltage within a certain range, and the regulators require it be within a certain percent of the nominal voltage (for example, in the US it is ±5%). Reactive power can be used to compensate the voltage drops, but must be provided closer to the loads than real power needs (this is because reactive power tend to travel ...
The fixed speed wind turbines without a power converter (also known as "Type 1" and "Type 2" [5]) cannot be used for voltage control. They simply absorb the reactive power (like any typical induction machine), so a switched capacitor bank is usually used to correct the power factor to unity. [7] Capability curve of a photovoltaic generator
[citation needed] In a traditional grid dominated by synchronous generators, a strong grid with SCR greater than 3.0 will have the desired voltage stability and active power reserves. [4] A weak grid (with SCR values between 2.0 and 3.0 [6]) can exhibit voltage instability and control problems. [5] A grid with SCR below 2.0 is very weak. [6]
In power engineering, the power-flow study, or load-flow study, is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power in an interconnected system. A power-flow study usually uses simplified notations such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system, and focuses on various aspects of AC power parameters, such as Voltage, voltage angles, real power and reactive power.