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The development of communicative language teaching was bolstered by these academic ideas. Before the growth of communicative language teaching, the primary method of language teaching was situational language teaching, a method that was much more clinical in nature and relied less on direct communication. In Britain, applied linguists began to ...
A medium of instruction (plural: media of instruction, or mediums of instruction) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. If the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling.
However, method is an ambiguous concept in language teaching and has been used in many different ways. According to Bell, this variety in use "offers a challenge for anyone wishing to enter into the analysis or deconstruction of methods". [5] The methods of teaching language may be characterized into three principal views:
Especially in the context of open learning, teachers use the students' existing language and prior experiences to develop reading, writing and listening skills. [vague] Roach Van Allen, first described his approach in the 1960s; he indicated how this strategy could create a natural bridge between spoken language and written language by stating:
An integral aspect of the Direct Method is varying the setting of teaching; instructors try different scenarios using the same Element. This makes the lessons more "real world," and it allows for some confusing distractions to the student and employs organic variables common in the culture and locale of language use. [7]
The integration of content and language learning in English as an international language (EIL) is found in approaches to bilingual education. [2] These approaches include immersion, content-based instruction (CBI), content-based language teaching (CBLT), and the movement towards English medium instruction (EMI). All of these approaches raise a ...
They worked on setting language teaching principles and approaches based on linguistic and psychological theories, but they left many practical details for others to develop. [7] The history of foreign-language education in the 20th century and the methods of teaching (such as those related below) might appear to be a history of failure.
A method of language teaching characterized by translation and the study of grammar rules. Involves presentation of grammatical rules, vocabulary lists, and translation. Emphasizes knowledge and use of language rules rather than communicative competence. This method of language teaching was popular in the 20th century until the early 1960s.