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Diagram of a pulmonary artery catheter in position. The pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) (also called pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP), or cross-sectional pressure) is the pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary artery catheter with an inflated balloon into a small pulmonary arterial branch. [1]
Of the forces that explain fluid movement, only the pulmonary wedge pressure is obtainable via pulmonary artery catheterization. [10] Due to the complication rate associated with pulmonary artery catheterization, other imaging modalities and diagnostic methods have become more popular. [11]
The x-axis often describes end-diastolic volume, right atrial pressure, or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The three curves illustrate that shifts along the same line indicate a change in preload, while shifts from one line to another indicate a change in afterload or contractility. A blood volume increase would cause a shift along the line ...
The pulmonary artery pressure (PA pressure) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the main pulmonary artery. This is measured by inserting a catheter into the main pulmonary artery. [ 13 ] : 190–191 The mean pressure is typically 9–18 mmHg, [ 14 ] and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6–12 mmHg.
pressure range (in mmHg) [1] Central venous pressure: 3–8 Right ventricular pressure: systolic: 15–30 diastolic: 3–8 Pulmonary artery pressure: systolic: 15–30 diastolic: 4–12 Pulmonary vein/ Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. 2–15 Left ventricular pressure: systolic: 100–140 diastolic: 3–12
pulmonary artery wedge pressure < 18 mmHg (obtained by pulmonary artery catheterization) if no measured LA pressure available, there must be no other clinical evidence to suggest elevated left heart pressure. If Pa O 2:Fi O 2 < 300 mmHg (40 kPa), then the definitions recommended a classification as "acute lung injury" (ALI).
A pulmonary artery wedge pressure being less than 15 mmHg (also measured by right heart catheterization) excludes post-capillary bed (in the veins distal to the capillary bed) pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a subgroup of pulmonary hypertension and is categorized as World Health Organization as group 1. [3]
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in otherwise healthy people at altitudes typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft). [2] HAPE is a severe presentation of altitude sickness .