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Involutional stenosis is probably the most common cause of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older people. It affects women twice as frequently as men. Although the inciting event in this process is unknown, clinicopathologic study suggests that compression of the lumen of the nasolacrimal duct is caused by inflammatory infiltrates and edema.
The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini.The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by well-developed myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma.
The canal containing the duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. It is formed by indentations in the inferior nasal conchae , maxilla and lacrimal bone . The canal drains into the nasal cavity through the anterior portion of the inferior meatus , which is between the inferior concha and the floor of the nasal cavity.
The lacrimal sac or lachrymal sac [1] is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, [2] and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi , which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct , which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. [ 3 ]
Dacryoadenitis is inflammation of the lacrimal glands. [1] ... Pain in the area of swelling; Excess tearing or discharge; Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ear;
The lacrimal apparatus is the physiological system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage. [1]It consists of: The lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the eye; it is a j-shaped serous gland located in lacrimal fossa.
The geniculate ganglion may become inflamed due herpes zoster virus virus infection. Swelling of the ganglion may result in facial palsy (Ramsay Hunt syndrome).The syndrome presents with intense pain in one ear that is followed by a vesicular rash around the ear canal.
Previously it was thought that the main lacrimal gland is responsible for reflex tear secretion and the accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring and Krause are responsible for the basal secretion. But recent evidence suggests that all tearing may be reflex. [5] The accessory glands account for approximately 10% of the total lacrimal secretory mass ...