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The Crotalinae, commonly known as pit vipers, [2] [3] or pit adders, are a subfamily of vipers found in Asia and the Americas. Like all other vipers, they are venomous . They are distinguished by the presence of a heat-sensing pit organ located between the eye and the nostril on both sides of the head.
Craspedocephalus macrolepis, commonly known as the large-scaled pit viper, is a venomous pitviper species endemic to the Southern Western Ghats of South India. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] No subspecies are currently recognized.
The Wagler's pit viper has undergone much taxonomic reclassification over the years and was previously placed in the genus Trimeresurus. However, its distinctly different morphology and venom characteristics set it apart, so that eventually a new genus was erected in which it was placed together with Hutton's viper, Tropidolaemus huttoni.
Metlapilcoatlus is a genus of pit vipers endemic to Mexico and Central America.Six species are currently recognized. The common names suggest they are able to leap at an attacker, but this is likely exaggerated.
Common names: cantil, Mexican cantil, Mexican ground pit viper, [3] cantil viper, [4] black moccasin, [5] Mexican moccasin, [4] more. Agkistrodon bilineatus is a highly venomous pit viper species found in Mexico and Central America as far south as Honduras. [2]
T. macrops belongs to the genus Trimeresurus, a group of Asian vipers with primarily hemotoxic venom — a type of venom that can destroy blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and damage organ function. A bite from this viper's better-studied cousin, the white-lipped pit viper, is said to cause effects ranging from mild envenomation to death. [8]
Like most pit vipers, the eastern copperhead is generally an ambush predator; it takes up a promising position and waits for suitable prey to arrive. One exception to ambush foraging occurs when copperheads feed on insects such as caterpillars and freshly molted cicadas. When hunting insects, copperheads actively pursue their prey. [30]
The jararacussu is a fairly large pit viper; growing up to 2.2 meters long, with a robust body and head and very aggressive behavior. The color of the body and head varies widely, the background color can be brown or yellow almost black, the pattern of dark and light scales are constituted in a series of dark arches, the spots form on the dorsal midline, which look like a letter x.