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For millennia, agriculture has played an important role in the Chinese economy and society. By the time the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, virtually all arable land was under cultivation; irrigation and drainage systems constructed centuries earlier and intensive farming practices already produced relatively high yields.
By Northern China's Longshan culture (3rd millennium BCE), a large number of communities with stratified social structures had emerged. [ 18 ] The Erlitou culture ( c. 1900 -1350 BCE), named after its type site in modern Henan , dominated northern China in the early second millennium BCE, [ 19 ] [ 20 ] when urban societies and bronze casting ...
During the Republic of China period, neither the Beiyang government or the later Nanjing government succeeded in consolidating governance in rural China. [ 1 ] : 71 Traditional rural leaders continued to hold power through economic means, interpersonal relationships, and symbolic resources like lineage.
GDP per capita in China (1913–1950) After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China underwent a period of instability and disrupted economic activity. During the Nanjing decade (1927–1937), China advanced in a number of industrial sectors, in particular those related to the military, in an effort to catch up with the west and prepare for war with Japan.
During China's economic reform of 1978, the social structure in the country underwent many changes as the working class began to increase significantly. In 21st-century China, social structure is more reliant on employment and education, which allows citizens to have more social mobility and freedoms.
The lower grade, the Elementary Agricultural Production Cooperative, operated on the principle of compensation to members based on both contributed labor and contributed capital. [42] For this reason, it was deemed "semi-socialist" – labor and its fruits were shared, but in addition there was still compensation on the basis of preexisting ...
The Rural Reconstruction Movement was started in China in the 1920s by Y.C. James Yen, Liang Shuming and others to revive the Chinese village.They strove for a middle way, independent of the Nationalist government but in competition with the radical revolutionary approach to the village espoused by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party.
One important motivator of increased international trade was China's inclusion in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 11, 2001, leading to reduced or eliminated tariffs on much of China's agricultural exports. Due to the resulting opening of international markets to Chinese agriculture, by 2004 the value of China's agricultural ...