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Anovulation due to a low thyroid hormone level, high prolactin level, high insulin level, high androgen level and problems with other hormone can also cause scanty periods. Despite these common causes, hypomenorrhea is still technically an abnormality of the menstrual flow, and other underlying medical problems should be ruled out by a doctor.
Oligomenorrhea generally refers to infrequent menstruation, More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days, with only four to nine periods in a year. [8] Menstrual periods should have been regularly established before the development of infrequent flow and often (but not always) involves irregular intervals.
Menstrual Cycle including Menstrual phase (often referred to as "period") A menstrual disorder is characterized as any abnormal condition with regards to a woman's menstrual cycle . There are many different types of menstrual disorders that vary with signs and symptoms, including pain during menstruation, heavy bleeding, or absence of menstruation.
Polymenorrhea, also known as frequent periods, frequent menstruation, or frequent menstrual bleeding, is a menstrual disorder in which menstrual cycles are shorter than 21 days in length and hence where menstruation occurs more frequently than usual. [1] [2] [3] Cycles are regular and menstrual flow is normal in the condition. [3]
The average age of a girl's first period is 12 to 13 (12.5 years in the United States, [6] 12.72 in Canada, [7] 12.9 in the UK [8]) but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, which declines to 50% in the third year, and to 10% by the sixth. [9]
The first day of menstrual bleeding is the date used for the last menstrual period (LMP). The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women, and 21 to 35 days in adults. [2] [3] The average length is 28 days; one study estimated it at 29.3 days. [10]
Menstruation (also called menstrual bleeding, menses or a period) is the first and most evident phase of the uterine cycle and first occurs at puberty. Called menarche, the first period occurs at the age of around twelve or thirteen years. [8] The average age is generally later in the developing world and earlier in the developed world. [42]
Dysmenorrhea, also known as period pain, painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 2 ] Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. [ 1 ] Symptoms typically last less than three days. [ 1 ]