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  2. Quenching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenching

    Rapid cooling prevents the formation of cementite structure, instead forcibly dissolving carbon atoms in the ferrite lattice. [1] In steel alloyed with metals such as nickel and manganese, the eutectoid temperature becomes much lower, but the kinetic barriers to phase transformation remain the same. This allows quenching to start at a lower ...

  3. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddling_(metallurgy)

    The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming into direct contact with the iron, a system generally known as a reverberatory furnace or open hearth furnace. The major ...

  4. Iron compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_compounds

    The dihydrate of iron(II) oxalate has a polymeric structure with co-planar oxalate ions bridging between iron centres with the water of crystallisation located forming the caps of each octahedron, as illustrated below. [22] Crystal structure of iron(II) oxalate dihydrate, showing iron (gray), oxygen (red), carbon (black), and hydrogen (white ...

  5. Banded iron formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_iron_formation

    Banded iron formation from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. A typical banded iron formation consists of repeated, thin layers (a few millimeters to a few centimeters in thickness) of silver to black iron oxides, either magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) or hematite (Fe 2 O 3), alternating with bands of iron-poor chert, often red in color, of similar thickness.

  6. Martensite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martensite

    Martensite in AISI 4140 steel 0.35% carbon steel, water-quenched from 870 °C. Martensite is a very hard form of steel crystalline structure. It is named after German metallurgist Adolf Martens. By analogy the term can also refer to any crystal structure that is formed by diffusionless transformation. [1]

  7. Green rust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_rust

    Green rust is a generic name for various green crystalline chemical compounds containing iron(II) and iron(III) cations, the hydroxide (OH −) anion, and another anion such as carbonate (CO 2− 3), chloride (Cl −), or sulfate (SO 2− 4), in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) structure. The most studied varieties are the following: [1]

  8. Ferrous metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy

    Cast iron development lagged in Europe because wrought iron was the desired product and the intermediate step of producing cast iron involved an expensive blast furnace and further refining of pig iron to cast iron, which then required a labor and capital intensive conversion to wrought iron.

  9. Cementite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementite

    Cementite (or iron carbide) is a compound of iron and carbon, more precisely an intermediate transition metal carbide with the formula Fe 3 C. By weight, it is 6.67% carbon and 93.3% iron. By weight, it is 6.67% carbon and 93.3% iron.