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A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. [1] The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions.
Mental substance, according to the idea held by dualists and idealists, is a non-physical substance of which minds are composed. This substance is often referred to as consciousness . This is opposed to the materialists , who hold that what we normally think of as mental substance is ultimately physical matter (i.e., brains).
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon: it is impossible to specify what it is, what it does, or why it has evolved. Nothing worth reading has been written on it. [29] Using 'awareness', however, as a definition or synonym of consciousness is not a simple matter:
Dravya (Sanskrit: द्रव्य) means substance or entity.According to the Jain philosophy, the universe is made up of six eternal substances: sentient beings or souls (), non-sentient substance or matter (), principle of motion (), the principle of rest (), space and time ().
Chart of drug dependence potential and relationship between use and lethal dose [33] Chart of relative harmfulness of some psychoactive substances [32] Drug harmfulness is defined as the degree to which a psychoactive drug has the potential to cause harm to the user and is measured in several ways, such as by addictiveness and the potential for ...
Property dualism: the exemplification of two kinds of property by one kind of substance. Property dualism describes a category of positions in the philosophy of mind which hold that, although the world is composed of just one kind of substance—the physical kind—there exist two distinct kinds of properties: physical properties and mental properties.
Playfully narrating the "metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties" of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, [5] Marx provides a brief social morphology of the category of economic value as such—what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.