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The interval between stadia marks in most surveying instruments is 10 mrad and gives a stadia interval factor of 100. The distance between the instrument and a stadia rod can be determined simply by multiplying the measurement between the stadia hairs (known as the stadia interval) by 100. The instrument must be level for this method to work ...
This ratio is known as the stadia constant or stadia interval factor. Thus the formula for distance is D = kS. where D is distance from the telescope to the rod; k is the stadia constant; S is the difference between the rod readings at the two stadia marks; For example, a typical stadia mark pair are set so that the ratio is 100.
When used for stadiametric rangefinding, the level staff is called a stadia rod. Rod construction and materials. Two sides of a modern surveyor's levelling rod.
A transit level also has the ability to measure both the altitude and azimuth of a target object with respect to a reference in the horizontal plane. The instrument is rotated to sight the target, and the vertical and horizontal angles are read off calibrated scales [ 4 ]
The term transit theodolite, or transit for short, refers to a type of theodolite where the telescope is short enough to rotate in a full circle on its horizontal axis as well as around its vertical axis. It features a vertical circle which is graduated through the full 360 degrees and a telescope that could "flip over" ("transit the scope").
Wild brand subtense bar. Another device used in tacheometry to measure distance between the measuring station and a desired point is the subtense bar. [2] This is a rigid rod, usually of a material insensitive to change in temperature such as invar, of fixed length (typically 2 metres (6.6 ft)).
The Bronx man allegedly flew into a rage on a southbound No. 5 train approaching the Fulton Street station around 6:10 a.m. when the elderly victim stumbled over his foot, according to cops and ...
Allow transit measurements in any direction . Theodolite (Describing a theodolite as a transit may refer to the ability to turn the telescope a full rotation on the horizontal axis, which provides a convenient way to reverse the direction of view, or to sight the same object with the yoke in opposite directions, which causes some instrumental errors to cancel.