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In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
Science Journal for Kids is an online scientific journal that publishes adaptations designed for children and teens of academic research papers that were originally published in high-impact peer-reviewed journals, as well as science teaching resources for teachers.
Bubble sensors are used to detect the presence of bubbles in fluid-filled tubes.They play a vital role in many fields, including medical technology, process control, pharmaceuticals, and the petroleum industry.
The photoionization detector was applied to gas chromatography (GC) three years later, in 1976. [5] A PID is highly selective when coupled with a chromatographic technique or a pre-treatment tube such as a benzene-specific tube. Broader cuts of selectivity for easily ionized compounds can be obtained by using a lower energy UV lamp.
Chemosensors also have applications in chemistry, biochemistry, immunology, physiology, medicine and landmine detection. [57] In 2003, Czarnik outlined a way to use chemosensors to track glucose levels in diabetic patients which, along with contributions from others, created an FDA-approved implantable continuous glucose monitor.
A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion.
The detection limit for electron capture detectors is 5 femtograms per second (fg/s) and the detector commonly exhibits a 10,000-fold linear range. [ citation needed ] This made it possible to detect halogenated compounds such as pesticides and CFCs , even at levels of only one part per trillion ( ppt ), thus revolutionizing our understanding ...
This critical technology enabled the possibility of a time projection chamber based on Nygren's original design, but using liquid argon as the sensitive medium instead of gas. In 1976, Herbert H. Chen , with collaborators at University of California, Irvine and the California Institute of Technology , proposed one of the earliest uses of liquid ...