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The Confederate Conscription Acts, 1862 to 1864, were a series of measures taken by the Confederate government to procure the manpower needed to fight the American Civil War. The First Conscription Act, passed April 16, 1862, made any white male between 18 and 35 years old liable to three years of military service.
The Enrollment Act of 1863 (12 Stat. 731, enacted March 3, 1863) also known as the Civil War Military Draft Act, [1] was an Act passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War to provide fresh manpower for the Union Army. The Act was the first genuine national conscription law. The law required the enrollment of every male ...
In the United States, military conscription, commonly known as the draft, has been employed by the U.S. federal government in six conflicts: the American Revolutionary War, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
Geary, James W. "Civil War Conscription in the North: a historiographical review." Civil War History 32.3 (1986): 208–228. Hauptman, Laurence M. "John E. Wool and the New York City draft riots of 1863: a reassessment." Civil War History 49.4 (2003): 370–387. Joyce, Toby. "The New York draft riots of 1863: an Irish civil war?"
The Civil War has been commemorated in many capacities, ranging from the reenactment of battles to statues and memorial halls erected, films, stamps and coins with Civil War themes being issued, all of which helped to shape public memory. These commemorations occurred in greater numbers on the 100th and 150th anniversaries of the war. [308]
The Third Conscription Act of February 1864 dropped the number of slaves from 20 to 15, but in turn required the person so exempted to sell to the Confederacy at government-set prices one hundred pounds of bacon and/or beef for each slave, with the surplus to be sold to soldiers' families, also at government prices.
Civil War scholar Allan Nevins argues that 1862 was the strategic high-water mark of the Confederacy. [170] The failures of the two invasions were attributed to the same irrecoverable shortcomings: lack of manpower at the front, lack of supplies including serviceable shoes, and exhaustion after long marches without adequate food. [ 171 ]
German opposition to slavery led to animosity between the two groups throughout the 1850s. Texas' secession from the United States in March 1861 and the start of the American Civil War on April 12, 1861, magnified these disputes. [15] Unionists throughout the Confederate States, including Germans, resisted the imposition of conscription in 1862