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In both pathways, IPP is isomerized to DMAPP by the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase. Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor to monoterpenes (and hence monoterpenoids). [ 2 ] Elimination of the pyrophosphate group from geranyl pyrophosphate leads to the formation of acyclic monoterpenes such as ocimene and the myrcenes .
The non-mevalonate pathway or the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway starts with pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) as the carbon source. C 5 IPP and C 5 DMAPP are the end-products in either pathway and are the precursors of terpenoids with various carbon numbers (typically C 5 to C 40 ), side chains of (bacterio ...
Monocyclic monoterpene ketone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.105, 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene 1,2-monooxygenase, dihydrocarvone 1,2-monooxygenase, MMKMO) is an enzyme with systematic name (-)-menthone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase. [1] [2] [3] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Nepetalactone is a bicyclic monoterpene produced through the terpenoid pathway in the genus Nepeta using its starting compound, geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). [10] There are three isomers of nepetalactone and it is suggested their stereochemistry is produced using different enzymes.
8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.324, 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase, CYP76B10, G10H, CrG10H, SmG10H, acyclic monoterpene primary alcohol:NADP + oxidoreductase) is an enzyme with systematic name (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol:NADP+ oxidoreductase. [1] [2] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is a monoterpene. A colorless oil, it occurs widely in essential oils. It is produced mainly semi-synthetically from Myrcia, from which it gets its name. It is an intermediate in the production of several fragrances. [3] An less-common isomeric form, having one of the three alkene units in a different position, is α ...
8-Hydroxygeraniol (also incorrectly called 10-hydroxygeraniol) [1] is a monoterpene synthesized from geraniol by the enzyme geraniol 8-hydroxylase.8-Hydroxygeraniol is a substrate for 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (G80) which synthesizes 8-oxogeranial.
Thujone (/ ˈ θ uː dʒ oʊ n / ⓘ [2]) is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs predominantly in two diastereomeric forms: (−)-α-thujone and (+)-β-thujone. [3] [4]Though it is best known as a chemical compound in the spirit absinthe, it is only present in trace amounts and is unlikely to be responsible for the spirit's purported stimulant and psychoactive effects.