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A generalized tonic–clonic seizure, commonly known as a grand mal seizure or GTCS, [1] is a type of generalized seizure that produces bilateral, convulsive tonic and clonic muscle contractions. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common seizure associated ...
The seizures are of the tonic–clonic type and typically last about a minute. [1] Following the seizure, there is either a period of confusion or coma. [1] Other complications include aspiration pneumonia, cerebral hemorrhage, kidney failure, pulmonary edema, HELLP syndrome, coagulopathy, placental abruption and cardiac arrest. [1]
Tonic-clonic seizures occur with a contraction of the limbs followed by their extension and arching of the back which lasts 10–30 seconds (the tonic phase). A cry may be heard due to contraction of the chest muscles, followed by a shaking of the limbs in unison (clonic phase). Tonic seizures produce constant contractions of the muscles.
Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition with abnormally prolonged seizures.It can have long-term consequences, [3] manifesting as a single seizure lasting more than a defined time (time point 1), or 2 or more seizures over the same period without the person returning to normal between them.
A familial history of seizures puts a person at a greater risk of developing them. [12] [13] Generalized seizures have been broadly classified into two categories: motor and non-motor. [8] A generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), also known as a grand mal seizure, is a whole-body seizure that has a tonic phase followed by clonic muscle ...
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizures).
At 12 to 48 hours following the last ethanol ingestion, the possibility of generalized tonic–clonic seizures should be anticipated, occurring in 3–5% of cases. [13] Meanwhile, none of the earlier withdrawal symptoms will typically have abated. Seizures carry the risk of major complications and death for individuals with an alcohol use disorder.
Tonic seizures are abrupt increases in muscle tone greater than 2 seconds in duration. [6] Clonic seizures occur as rhythmic body jerks. [7] Myoclonic-atonic seizures begins with one or more jerks (myoclonic phase) followed by a loss of muscle tone (atonic phase). [6] Myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures begin with one or more jerks (myoclonic phase ...