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In literary sources, there is only a single record of a possible earlier example: two alleged monumental statues of qilin (Chinese unicorns) that had been set up on top of the tomb of the First Emperor Qin Shihuang. [9] The most famous of Huo Qubing's statues is that of a horse trampling a Xiongnu warrior. [8]
During the Tang dynasty, the capital city Chang'an (today's Xi'an), was the most populous city in the known world, and the era is generally regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization and a golden age of Chinese literature and art. In several areas developments during the Tang set the direction for many centuries to come.
This was a major argument in favor of the eight-legged essay, arguing that it were better to eliminate creative art in favor of prosaic literacy. In the history of Chinese literature, the eight-legged essay is often accused by later Chinese critics to have caused China's "cultural stagnation and economic backwardness" in the 19th century. [1] [2]
Chinese Jade ornament with flower design, Jin dynasty (1115–1234 AD), Shanghai Museum.. The arts of China (simplified Chinese: 中国艺术; traditional Chinese: 中國藝術) have varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, but still containing a high degree of continuity.
The first two known history books about Chinese literature were published by Japanese authors in the Japanese language. [80] Kojō Tandō wrote the 700 page Shina bungakushi (支那文学史; "History of Chinese Literature"), published in 1897. Sasakawa Rinpū wrote the second ever such book in 1898, also called Shina bungakushi. [81]
[1]: 230 They are some of the earliest Chinese literature written in the form of short and medium-length stories and have provided valuable inspiration plot-wise and in other ways for fiction and drama in later eras. Many were preserved in the 10th-century anthology, Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era). [2]
The term zhiguai is an allusion to a passage in the inner chapters of the Zhuangzi. [4]During the Six Dynasties, xian were a common subject of zhiguai stories. [5] They often had "magical" Tao powers including the abilities to "walk...through walls or stand...in light without casting a shadow".
Tang poetry has certain characteristics. Contextually, the fact that the poems were generally intended to be recited in more-or-less contemporary spoken Chinese (now known as Classical Chinese; or, sometimes, as Literary Chinese, in post-Han dynasty cases) and that the poems were written in Chinese characters are certainly important. Also ...