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Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. [1] It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O 2 /min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met.
The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).. The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight.
Kleiber's plot comparing body size to metabolic rate for a variety of species. [1]Kleiber's law, named after Max Kleiber for his biology work in the early 1930s, states, after many observations that, for a vast number of animals, an animal's Basal Metabolic Rate scales to the 3 ⁄ 4 power of the animal's mass.
The Schofield Equation is a method of estimating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of adult men and women published in 1985. [1] This is the equation used by the WHO in their technical report series. [2] The equation that is recommended to estimate BMR by the US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. [3]
The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person, while performing some specific physical activity compared to a reference, currently set by convention at an absolute 3.5 mL of oxygen per kg per minute, which is the energy expended when sitting quietly by a reference individual, chosen ...
The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio between the metabolic production of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the uptake of oxygen (O 2). [3] [4] The ratio is determined by comparing exhaled gases to room air. Measuring this ratio is equal to RQ only at rest or during mild to moderate aerobic exercise without the accumulation of lactate.
The Institute of Medicine equation uses a different approach to most others. The equation doesn't measure basal metabolic rate, but uses experiments based on doubly labelled water. The scientists at the Institute of Medicine said in their report that the factorial method tended to underestimate calorie expenditure.
The level of physical activity can also be estimated based on a list of the physical activities a person performs from day to day. Each activity is connected to a number, the physical activity ratio. The physical activity level is then the time-weighted average of the physical activity ratios.