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Mycorrhizal networks can connect many different plants and provide shared pathways by which plants can transfer infochemicals related to attacks by pathogens or herbivores, allowing receiving plants to react in the same way as the infected or infested plants. [32] A variety of plant derived substances act as these infochemicals.
The absence of mycorrhizal fungi can also slow plant growth in early succession or on degraded landscapes. [76] The introduction of alien mycorrhizal plants to nutrient-deficient ecosystems puts indigenous non-mycorrhizal plants at a competitive disadvantage. [77] This aptitude to colonize barren soil is defined by the category Oligotroph.
The hyphal network of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) extends beyond the depletion zone (grey), accessing a greater area of soil for phosphate uptake. A mycorrhizal-phosphate depletion zone will also eventually form around AM hyphae (purple). Other nutrients that have enhanced assimilation in AM-roots include nitrogen (ammonium) and zinc.
Plant genotypes have shown that mycorrhizal fungal traits are heritable and play a role in plant behavior. These relationships with fungal networks can be mutualistic, commensal, or even parasitic. It has been shown that plants can rapidly change behavior such as root growth, shoot growth, photosynthetic rate, and defense mechanisms in response ...
On a landscape-wide scale, AMF have the potential to accelerate succession and increase diversity in plant communities, [19] [18] increase soil stability through glomalin production by the mycorrhizae, [20] and through development of mycorrhizal networks, they increase carbon storage in the soil, thus having global implications. [21]
English: Mycorrhizal fungi are in a symbiotic relationship with plants. The relationship is usually mutualistic, the fungus providing the plant with water and minerals from the soil and the plants providing the fungus with photosynthesis products. Some fungi are however parasitic, taking products from the plant without providing benefits.
There are two types of mycorrhizal networks. Most plants are associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF are able to form symbioses with several plant species and connect to roots of different hosts, allowing CMN. Mycelium networks function through signals that are first produced in plants, then move to the roots and then migrate to ...
Orchid mycorrhizal interactions can range from wholly parasitic on the fungal partner, to a mutualistic interaction involving bidirectional nutrient transfer between the plant and mycorrhizal fungus. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Orchid plants have an obligatory parasitic life stage at germination where all of their nutrients must be supplied by a fungus. [ 34 ]