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An MSA plate with Micrococcus sp. (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2) and S. aureus colonies (3). Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. [1]
Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus. It is motile with the help of a single flagellum which is located at the pole of the coccobacillus. Usually, there are one or two more lateral flagella as well. [ 1 ]
TSA plates support growth of many semifastidious bacteria, including some species of Brucella, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Neisseria, and Vibrio. Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar is used for the culture of stool samples and contains two indicators. It is formulated to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, while the growth of Gram-negative bacilli is ...
Priestia megaterium [1] (Bacillus megaterium prior to 2020) [2] is a rod-like, Gram-positive, mainly aerobic, spore forming bacterium found in widely diverse habitats. [3] [4] It has a cell length up to 100 μm and a diameter of 0.1 μm, which is quite large for bacteria. [5]
A. faecalis is a Gram-negative bacterium which appears rod-shaped and motile under a microscope. It is positive by the oxidase test and catalase test, but negative by the nitrate reductase test. It is alpha-hemolytic and requires oxygen. A. faecalis can be grown at 37 °C, and forms colonies that lack pigmentation. [1]
Lactose fermenters turn red or pink on MacConkey agar, and nonfermenters do not change color. The media inhibits growth of gram-positive organisms with crystal violet and bile salts, allowing for the selection and isolation of gram-negative bacteria. The media detects lactose fermentation by enteric bacteria with the pH indicator neutral red. [2]
Vancomycin is inhibitory for gram-positive bacteria. Colistin inhibits gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, while Proteus is inhibited by trimethoprim. [7] The combination of trimethoprim and colistin acts synergistically against gram-negative bacilli. [8] Starch neutralizes the toxic metabolites produced by Neisseria.
Vogel–Johnson agar is a type of agar growth medium selective for coagulase-positive staphylococci. It is used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens and food. It was first described by Vogel and Johnson, who modified the Tellurite Glycine Agar recipe by Zebovitz et al. by doubling the mannitol concentration to 1% (w/v) and ...