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Sumer (together with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization) is considered the first settled society in the world to have manifested all the features needed to qualify fully as a "civilization", eventually expanding into the first empire in history, the Akkadian Empire. [8] [6]
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control. [8]
The following is a list of empires that have been called great powers during the Middle Ages: China (throughout) [3] [4] Goguryeo (400-668) [5] [6] Iran (Sasanians, 500–600; Samanids, 900–950; Timurids, 1400–1450) [3] [4] Byzantine Empire (500–1050) [3] [4] Göktürk Khaganate (550–600) [3] Tibetan Empire (650–1250) [3] The ...
Indus Valley Civilization: 3300 BC: 1300 BC: 2000 Indian Empire: 1858: 1947: 89 Italian Empire: 1882: 1960: 78 Japanese Empire: 1868: 1947: 79 Jin Dynasty (266–420) 266: 420: 154 Jin Dynasty (1115–1234) 1115: 1234: 119 Johor Empire: 1528: 1855: 327 Jolof Empire: 1350: 1549: 199 Joseon: 1392: 1897: 505 Kaabu Empire: 1537: 1867: 330 Kachari ...
Persian Empire. Ancient emperors were in the subjects game — more people, more profit — and few players played it better than the Persians. According to Guinness World Records, the Persian ...
The first known occurrence of the phrase "four great civilizations" can be traced to a textbook titled Revised World History (再訂世界史, Saitei sekaishi), published by in 1952 by the Yamakawa Publishing Company, where Egami worked. [3]
A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was developed independent of other civilizations in other locations. A civilization is any complex society characterized by the development of the state , social stratification , urbanization , and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely ...
Toynbee explored civilization processes in his multi-volume A Study of History, which traced the rise and, in most cases, the decline of 21 civilizations and five "arrested civilizations". Civilizations generally declined and fell, according to Toynbee, because of the failure of a "creative minority", through moral or religious decline, to meet ...