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A well-known electrosynthesis is the Kolbe electrolysis, in which two carboxylic acids decarboxylate, and the remaining structures bond together:; A variation is called the non-Kolbe reaction when a heteroatom (nitrogen or oxygen) is present at the α-position.
During the early development of electrochemistry, researchers used the normal hydrogen electrode as their standard for zero potential. This was convenient because it could actually be constructed by "[immersing] a platinum electrode into a solution of 1 N strong acid and [bubbling] hydrogen gas through the solution at about 1 atm pressure".
Electrochemical kinetics is the field of electrochemistry that studies the rate of electrochemical processes. This includes the study of how process conditions, such as concentration and electric potential, influence the rate of oxidation and reduction reactions that occur at the surface of an electrode, as well as an investigation into electrochemical reaction mechanisms.
Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion.
Electrochemistry also has important applications in the food industry, like the assessment of food/package interactions, [36] the analysis of milk composition, [37] the characterization and the determination of the freezing end-point of ice-cream mixes, or the determination of free acidity in olive oil.
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. move to sidebar hide ... -2.12 2 [1] Nd Nd 2+ + 2 ...
The effects are important at very high electrical fields (10 8 – 10 9 V/m), like those observed in electrical double layers at interfaces or at the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemistry. More generally, the electric field effect (directly, through space rather than through chemical bonds ) on chemical behaviour of systems (e.g., on ...
+0.12 v The activation overpotential is the potential difference above the equilibrium value required to produce a current that depends on the activation energy of the redox event. While ambiguous, "activation overpotential" often refers exclusively to the activation energy necessary to transfer an electron from an electrode to an anolyte .