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Simple scheme of the apparatus for electro-oxidation process. The set-up for performing an electro-oxidation treatment consists of an electrochemical cell.An external electric potential difference (aka voltage) is applied to the electrodes, resulting in the formation of reactive species, namely hydroxyl radicals, in the proximity of the electrode surface. [11]
A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a biological electrochemical system that implements the use of electro-active bacteria to power desalination of water in situ, resourcing the natural anode and cathode gradient of the electro-active bacteria and thus creating an internal supercapacitor.
Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically ...
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1), T the temperature (K), Φ v,fresh, the flow rate of the fresh water outflow (m 3 /s), C feed the concentration of ions in the feed water (mol/m 3) and C fresh the ion concentration in the fresh water outflow (mol/m 3) of the CDI cell.
At the anode, hydrogen and oxygen do not react at the iridium oxide catalyst. [15] Thus, safety hazards due to explosive anodic mixtures hydrogen in oxygen can result. The supplied energy for the hydrogen production is lost, when hydrogen is lost due to the reaction with oxygen at the cathode and permeation from the cathode across the membrane ...
The current density of an AEM electrolyser without a PGM catalyst operating at 1 A/cm 2 was reported to require 1.8 volts and 1.57 volts in pure water-fed and 1 M KOH-fed, respectively. [9] Electrolyte can be fed on both anode and cathode side or anode side only. [10]
Water reuse (e.g., desalination brine treatment, industrial laundry wastewater, produced water from oil/gas production, cooling tower makeup & blowdown, metals industry fluids, wash-rack water) Pre-demineralization (e.g., boiler makeup & pretreatment, ultrapure water pretreatment, process water desalination, power generation , semiconductor ...
Furthermore, there is often more than one possible reaction at the surface of an electrode. For example, during the electrolysis of water, the anode can oxidize water through a two electron process to hydrogen peroxide or a four electron process to oxygen. The presence of an electrocatalyst could facilitate either of the reaction pathways.