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In people with psychosis, the premier cause of auditory hallucinations is schizophrenia, and these are known as auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). [16] In schizophrenia, people show a consistent increase in activity of the thalamic and striatal subcortical nuclei , hypothalamus , and paralimbic regions; confirmed by PET and fMRI scans.
Musical hallucinations (also known as auditory hallucinations, auditory Charles Bonnet Syndrome, and Oliver Sacks' syndrome [1]) describes a neurological disorder in which the patient will hallucinate songs, tunes, instruments and melodies. These hallucinations are not correlated with psychotic illness. [2]
Chronic hallucinatory psychosis is a psychosis subtype, classified under "Other nonorganic psychosis" by the ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders. Other abnormal mental symptoms in the early stages are, as a rule, absent. The patient is most usually quiet and orderly, with a good memory.
Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is an abnormal sensory perception during sleep in which a person experiences auditory hallucinations that are loud and of short duration when falling asleep or waking up. [2] [4] The noise may be frightening, typically occurs only occasionally, and is not a serious health concern. [2]
Musical ear syndrome (MES) is a condition seen in people who have hearing loss and subsequently develop auditory hallucinations. "MES" has also been associated with musical hallucinations, which is a complex form of auditory hallucinations where an individual may experience music or sounds that are heard without an external source. [1]
The axial system uses International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) coding wherever possible. Additional codes are included for procedures and physical signs of particular interest to sleep disorders clinicians and researchers. Diagnoses and procedures are listed and coded on three main "axes". The axial system is arranged as follows: [1]
The hallucinations are normally colorful, vivid images that occur during wakefulness, predominantly at night. [3] Lilliputian hallucinations (also called Alice in Wonderland syndrome ), hallucinations in which people or animals appear smaller than they would be in real life, are common in cases of peduncular hallucinosis. [ 1 ]
However, normal subjects also report auditory hallucinations to a surprising extent. For example, Bentall and Slade [ 22 ] found that as many as 15.4% of a population of 150 male students were prepared to endorse the statement "In the past I have had the experience of hearing a person's voice and then found that no one was there".