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A 1930s label for McEwan's IPA. India pale ale was well known as early as 1815, [28] but gained popularity in the British domestic market sometime before then. [28] [29] By World War I, IPA in Britain had diverged into two styles, the premium bottled IPAs of around 1.065 specific gravity and cask-conditioned draught IPAs which were among the weakest beers on the bar.
Demand for the export style of pale ale, which had become known as "India pale ale" (IPA), developed in England around 1840. IPA became a popular product in England. [18] Some brewers dropped the term "India" in the late 19th century, but records indicated that these "pale ales" retained the features of earlier IPA. [19]
India pale ale, commonly shortened to IPA, is a hoppy pale ale which was originally shipped to colonial India. Its high hop content prevented spoilage during the long sea course from England to India. IPA is full bodied and hoppy, it is amber coloured and usually somewhat opaque. The ABV of IPA can fall within the range of 4.5–20%. [27]
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The beers were sold predominantly in Scotland and the north of England; a small amount was exported to Italy. [44] 2012 saw the launch of McEwan's Export in bottles, and a new seasonal cask-conditioned golden ale called McEwan's Gold. [43] [46] In 2013, export sales to Canada were resumed, having been discontinued under Heineken. [47]
Lion was originally an India Pale Ale (IPA) but the beer style was changed in the 1960s to a lager. [4] Lion remained the number one beer in India for over a century from the 1840s until the 1960s. After this, another Mohan Meakin brand, Golden Eagle, took the number one place until the 1980s, when Kingfisher became number one. [ 4 ]
European-style beer was introduced in India by the British. By 1716, pale ale and Burton ale were being imported to India from England. [4] To protect the beer from spoiling during the long journey, it had to have high alcohol content and hops were added to it. This led to the invention of India pale ale in about 1787 by Bow Brewery. [13] [14]
Worthington's White Shield (5.6% ABV) was an India Pale Ale available principally in bottle conditioned form, but also in casks. [29] It won the CAMRA Champion Bottled Beer of Britain Gold award three times, more than any other beer. [30] In 1829, Worthington launched East India Pale Ale, their first IPA.