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The sum of the members of a finite arithmetic progression is called an arithmetic series. For example, consider the sum: + + + + = This sum can be found quickly by taking the number n of terms being added (here 5), multiplying by the sum of the first and last number in the progression (here 2 + 14 = 16), and dividing by 2: (+)
A rigorous proof of these formulas and Faulhaber's assertion that such formulas would exist for all odd powers took until Carl Jacobi , two centuries later. Jacobi benefited from the progress of mathematical analysis using the development in infinite series of an exponential function generating Bernoulli numbers.
Because the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges, the Green–Tao theorem on arithmetic progressions is a special case of the conjecture. The weaker claim that A must contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of length 3 is a consequence of an improved bound in Roth's theorem. A 2016 paper by Bloom [4] proved that if {,..
Sequences dn + a with odd d are often ignored because half the numbers are even and the other half is the same numbers as a sequence with 2d, if we start with n = 0. For example, 6 n + 1 produces the same primes as 3 n + 1, while 6 n + 5 produces the same as 3 n + 2 except for the only even prime 2.
Summation by parts is frequently used to prove Abel's theorem and Dirichlet's test. One can also use this technique to prove Abel's test: If is a convergent series, and a bounded monotone sequence, then = = converges. Proof of Abel's test.
The Cesàro sum is defined as the limit, as n tends to infinity, of the sequence of arithmetic means of the first n partial sums of the series. This special case of a matrix summability method is named for the Italian analyst Ernesto Cesàro (1859–1906).
Because the sequence of partial sums fails to converge to a finite limit, the series does not have a sum. Although the series seems at first sight not to have any meaningful value at all, it can be manipulated to yield a number of different mathematical results.
It states that for a converging sequence the sequence of the arithmetic means of its first members converges against the same limit as the original sequence, that is () with implies (+ +) / . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The theorem was found by Cauchy in 1821, [ 1 ] subsequently a number of related and generalized results were published, in particular by Otto ...