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Time gain compensation (TGC) is a setting applied in diagnostic ultrasound imaging to account for tissue attenuation. [1] By increasing the received signal intensity with depth, the artifacts in the uniformity of a B-mode image intensity are reduced.
The ratio of the imaging depth to the aperture size is known as the F-number. Dynamic aperture is keeping this number constant by growing the aperture with the imaging depth until the physical aperture cannot be increased. A modern medical ultrasound machine has a typical F-number of 0.5.
The reflected ultrasound is received by the probe, transformed into an electric impulse as voltage, and sent to the engine for signal processing and conversion to an image on the screen. The depth reached by the ultrasound beam is dependent on the frequency of the probe used. The higher the frequency, the lesser the depth reached. [9]
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) is an advanced ultrasound imaging technique. By localizing microbubbles, ULM overcomes the physical limit of diffraction, achieving sub-wavelength level resolution and qualifying as a super-resolution technique. [1] [2] ULM is primarily utilized in vascular imaging.
By changing the pulse delays, the computer can scan the beam of ultrasound in a raster pattern across the tissue. Echoes reflected by different density tissue, received by the transducers, build up an image of the underlying structures. Weld examination by phased array. TOP: The phased array probe emits a series of beams to flood the weld with ...
Ultrasound duplex scanning can provide additional information that may guide therapeutic decisions. The location and severity of arterial narrowings and occlusions can be identified. The vascular sonographer can map disease in lower-extremity segments with great accuracy, though duplex scanning is more time-consuming than other lower-extremity ...
When generating a 3D volume, the ultrasound data can be collected in four common ways by a sonographer: Freehand, which involves tilting the probe and capturing a series of ultrasound images and recording the transducer orientation for each slice. Mechanically, where the internal linear probe tilt is handled by a motor inside the probe.