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A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings.
It is also credited with the first recorded use of the term "liberal arts" or artes liberales, though whether Cicero coined the term is unclear. [2] [3] The text also defines the concept of dignitas: dignitas est alicuius honesta et cultu et honore et verecundia digna auctoritas (Dignity is honorable prestige. It merits respect, honour, and ...
When paired with the term otium, the word dignitas took on a different meaning. Cicero did not consider himself worthy of having dignitas alone because he felt that—by turning his back on the Roman public—he had neglected the duty of one whose life had normally exemplified the concept. He then altered the definition to mean "[lifetime ...
Aeneas, depicted here with Venus, was considered the embodiment of gravitas, pietas, dignitas, and virtus. [4]Gravitas was one of the virtues that allowed citizens, particularly statesmen, to embody the concept of romanitas, [5] which denotes what it meant to be Roman and how Romans regarded themselves, eventually evolving into a national character. [6]
In Schenkerian analysis, a structural level is a representation of a piece of music at a different level of abstraction, with levels typically including foreground, middleground, and background. [1] According to Schenker musical form is "an energy transformation, as a transformation of the forces that flow from background to foreground through ...
Although no recordings of his work exist, a radio disk transcription of the second performance of Warsaw Ghetto exists, made in the studio a week after the premiere. [1] Morgenstern’s other books included the anthology Composers on Music (1956). [2] Harold Barlow (1915-93) devised the notation scheme.
Musical quotation is to be distinguished from variation, where a composer takes a theme (their own or another's) and writes variations on it.In that case, the origin of the theme is usually acknowledged in the title (e.g., Johannes Brahms's Variations on a Theme by Haydn).
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...