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Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is a phosphate mineral with formula: NH 4 MgPO 4 ·6H 2 O. Struvite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as white to yellowish or brownish-white pyramidal crystals or in platy mica-like forms. It is a soft mineral with Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and has a low specific gravity of 1.7. It is sparingly ...
Struvite stones are also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate stones due to their chemical composition - MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O. Often there is a small amount of calcium phosphate present. [6] They form at a neutral to alkaline pH of the urine.
The addition of magnesium to wastewater that already contains ammonium and phosphate allows for a 1:1:1 mole ratio in which all three elements bind to one another, allowing struvite to form as a product according to figure 1. The struvite crystals contain nutrients essential to plant growth that are easy to use and transport.
Magnesium phosphate is a general term for salts of magnesium and phosphate appearing in several forms and several hydrates: [1] Monomagnesium phosphate (Mg(H 2 PO 4) 2). xH 2 O; Dimagnesium phosphate (MgHPO 4). xH 2 O; Trimagnesium phosphate (Mg 3 (PO 4) 2). xH 2 O; Amorphous magnesium phosphate is also claimed. [2] Trimagnesium phosphate.
Equine enteroliths are typically smoothly spherical or tetrahedral, [1] consist mostly of the mineral struvite [1] [2] (ammonium magnesium phosphate), and have concentric rings of mineral precipitated around a nidus. [1] [3] Enteroliths in horses were reported widely in the 19th century, infrequently in the early 20th century, and now increasingly.
Crystals can be identified based on their appearance and the pH of the urine (many types preferentially form at an acidic or alkaline pH). [123] Crystals that can be found in normal urine include uric acid, monosodium urate, triple phosphate (ammonium magnesium phosphate), calcium oxalate, and calcium carbonate. [124]
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About 10–15% of urinary calculi are composed of struvite (hexa-hydrated ammonium magnesium phosphate, NH 4 MgPO 4 ·6H 2 O). [76] Struvite stones (also known as "infection stones," urease, or triple-phosphate stones) form most often in the presence of infection by urea-splitting bacteria.