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Data abstraction levels of a database system. Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how a system actually stores data. The physical level describes complex low-level data structures in detail. Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction describes what data the database stores, and what relationships exist among those ...
The ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture. The ANSI-SPARC Architecture (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And Requirements Committee), is an abstract design standard for a database management system (DBMS), first proposed in 1975.
An example of a database abstraction layer on the language level would be ODBC that is a platform-independent implementation of a database abstraction layer. The user installs specific driver software , through which ODBC can communicate with a database or set of databases.
A fixed-size collection of elements of the same data type, accessible by indices. General-purpose storage and retrieval, basis of many more complex structures. List: An abstract data type that represents a sequence of values, where the same value may occur more than once. Data order maintenance, implementation of stacks, queues, etc. Stack
In computing, an abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the working details of a subsystem. Examples of software models that use layers of abstraction include the OSI model for network protocols, OpenGL, and other graphics libraries, which allow the separation of concerns to facilitate interoperability and platform independence.
The DBMS provides an abstract view of the data that hides such details. [2] There are two types of data independence: physical and logical data independence. The data independence and operation independence together gives the feature of data abstraction. There are two levels of data independence. [3]
An abstraction can be seen as a compression process, [6] mapping multiple different pieces of constituent data to a single piece of abstract data; [7] based on similarities in the constituent data, for example, many different physical cats map to the abstraction "CAT".
The ANSI/SPARC three level architecture. This shows that a data model can be an external model (or view), a conceptual model, or a physical model. This is not the only way to look at data models, but it is a useful way, particularly when comparing models. [5] A data model instance may be one of three kinds according to ANSI in 1975: [6]