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Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration. [1] It also focuses on ensuring the reinstatement of those whose lives are impacted by crimes.
Alternatives can take the form of fines, restorative justice, transformative justice or no punishment at all. Capital punishment, corporal punishment and electronic monitoring are also alternatives to imprisonment, but are not promoted by modern prison reform movements for decarceration due to them being carceral in nature.
Examples include the right to restitution, the right to a victims' advocate, and the right not to be excluded from criminal justice proceedings [2] [3]. A key principle underlying victims' rights is the need to avoid secondary victimisation in their implementation particularly when victims' are called to take a role in criminal justice proceedings.
Restorative justice is an approach to justice that aims to repair the harm done to victims. [1] [2] In doing so, practitioners work to ensure that offenders take responsibility for their actions, to understand the harm they have caused, to give them an opportunity to redeem themselves, and to discourage them from causing further harm.
Many anarchist organizations believe that the best form of justice arises naturally out of social contracts, restorative justice, or transformative justice.. Anarchist opposition to incarceration can be found in articles written as early as 1851, [14] and is elucidated by major anarchist thinkers such as Proudhon, [15] Bakunin, [16] Berkman, [15] Goldman, [15] Malatesta, [15] Bonano, [17] and ...
They advocate for reform in the police departments, prosecutorial reform, court reform, prison reform, and mostly for restorative justice. UNODC helps countries develop plans such as legislature to pass to reform their entire criminal justice system. They also work closely with other groups mostly fixating on the global drug problem.
Decarceration includes overlapping reformist and abolitionist strategies, from "front door" options such as sentencing reform, decriminalization, diversion and mental health treatment to "back door" approaches, exemplified by parole reform and early release into re-entry programs, [5] amnesty for inmates convicted of non-violent offenses and imposition of prison capacity limits. [6]
The use of restorative justice in schools began in the early 1990s with initiatives in Australia. Restorative justice models are used globally and have recently been introduced to school disciplinary policies in the US as an alternative approach to current punitive models, such as zero tolerance. [18]