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These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.
Tangent to a curve. The red line is tangential to the curve at the point marked by a red dot. Tangent plane to a sphere. In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is, intuitively, the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point.
A few functions were common historically, but are now seldom used, such as the chord, versine (which appeared in the earliest tables [30]), haversine, coversine, [39] half-tangent (tangent of half an angle), and exsecant. List of trigonometric identities shows more relations between these functions.
If they touch externally at one point (= +) – have one point of external tangency – then they have two external bitangents and one internal bitangent, namely the common tangent line. This common tangent line has multiplicity two, as it separates the circles (one on the left, one on the right) for either orientation (direction).
Illustration of the sine and tangent inequalities. The figure at the right shows a sector of a circle with radius 1. The sector is θ/(2 π) of the whole circle, so its area is θ/2. We assume here that θ < π /2. = = = =
In mathematics, the values of the trigonometric functions can be expressed approximately, as in (/), or exactly, as in (/) = /.While trigonometric tables contain many approximate values, the exact values for certain angles can be expressed by a combination of arithmetic operations and square roots.
tan – tangent function. (Also written as tgn, tg.) tanh – hyperbolic tangent function. TFAE – the following are equivalent. tg – tangent function. (Also written as tan, tgn.) tgn – tangent function. (Also written as tan, tg.) Thm – theorem. Tor – Tor functor. Tr – field trace. tr – trace of a matrix or linear transformation.
Write the functions without "co" on the three left outer vertices (from top to bottom: sine, tangent, secant) Write the co-functions on the corresponding three right outer vertices (cosine, cotangent, cosecant) Starting at any vertex of the resulting hexagon: The starting vertex equals one over the opposite vertex.