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Anesthesia in animals has many similarities to human anesthesia, but some differences as well. Local anesthesia is primarily used for wound closure and removal of small tumors. Lidocaine , mepivacaine , and bupivacaine are the most commonly used local anesthetics used in veterinary medicine. [ 5 ]
Local anesthetics are commonly used in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids or alpha-2 receptor agonists to provide better pain relief and safer anesthesia. [3] Local anesthetics can be administered through injection or topical solutions to areas around the nose and eyes.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Therefore, in this situation, using balanced anesthetic techniques in cats and dogs is less risky for operation than using the general anesthesia. According to a report from a teaching hospital, the rate of complications resulting in death in cats and dogs using the balanced anesthesia are relatively low, at 1/9 and 1/233 respectively. [16]
A femoral nerve block is a nerve block that uses local anesthetic to achieve analgesia in the leg.The block works by affecting the femoral nerve.. A femoral nerve block (FNB) results in anesthesia of the skin and muscles of the anterior thigh and most of the femur and knee joint, as well as the skin on the medial aspect of the leg below the knee joint.
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Local anesthetics vary in their pharmacological properties and they are used in various techniques of local anesthesia such as: Topical anesthesia (surface) - Similar to topical gel numbing before getting injected with Lidocaine. Infiltration; Plexus block; Adverse effects depend on the local anesthetic method and site of administration ...
bupivacaine – local anesthetic primarily utilized pre- and post-operatively; buprenorphine – narcotic for pain relief in cats after surgery; butorphanol – mu agonist/kappa antagonist, used as a cough suppressant and for a muscle relaxation effect in horses