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Local anesthetics are commonly used in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids or alpha-2 receptor agonists to provide better pain relief and safer anesthesia. [3] Local anesthetics can be administered through injection or topical solutions to areas around the nose and eyes.
Anesthesia in animals has many similarities to human anesthesia, but some differences as well. Local anesthesia is primarily used for wound closure and removal of small tumors. Lidocaine , mepivacaine , and bupivacaine are the most commonly used local anesthetics used in veterinary medicine. [ 5 ]
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
bupivacaine – local anesthetic primarily utilized pre- and post-operatively; buprenorphine – narcotic for pain relief in cats after surgery; butorphanol – mu agonist/kappa antagonist, used as a cough suppressant and for a muscle relaxation effect in horses
Therefore, in this situation, using balanced anesthetic techniques in cats and dogs is less risky for operation than using the general anesthesia. According to a report from a teaching hospital, the rate of complications resulting in death in cats and dogs using the balanced anesthesia are relatively low, at 1/9 and 1/233 respectively. [16]
Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during morning trading on Aug. 23, 2024, in New York City. (Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images) (Michael M. Santiago via Getty Images)
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A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible local anesthesia and a loss of nociception. When it is used on specific nerve pathways ( nerve block ), effects such as analgesia (loss of pain sensation) and paralysis (loss of muscle power) can be achieved.