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Normandy was born in 911, when Charles the Simple, King of West Francia, ceded part of Neustria to the Viking Rollo at the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. [1] Although Normandy may have been totally independent in its early years, as the Viking chieftain was unaware of the feudal system, [2] it soon became a fiefdom in which its chieftain had to pay tribute to the King of France as a vassal. [3]
1st Norman count of Rouen r. 911–927 House of Normandy: William "Longsword" c. 893 –942 2nd Norman count of Rouen r. 927–942: Duke of Normandy, 942: Richard I "the Fearless" 932–996 1st Duke of Normandy r. 942–996: Richard II "the Good" d. 1026 2nd Duke of Normandy r. 996–1027: Robert Count of Évreux, Archbishop of Rouen: Mauger c ...
Interpolating William of Jumièges provides the names of Roger's five sons: [12]. Hugh de Montgomery [12]; Robert de Montgomery [12]; Roger II de Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury [12]
Odo of Bayeux (died 1097) was Bishop of Bayeux in Normandy and was also made Earl of Kent in England following the Norman Conquest. He was the maternal half-brother of duke, and later king, William the Conqueror , and was, for a time, William's primary administrator in the Kingdom of England, although he was eventually tried for defrauding ...
The Norman dukes created the most powerful, consolidated duchy in Western Europe between the years 980, when the dukes helped place Hugh Capet on the French throne, and 1050. [11] Scholarly churchmen were brought into Normandy from the Rhineland, and they built and endowed monasteries and supported monastic schools, thus helping to integrate ...
The English name "Normans" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, [17] modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann "Northman" [18] or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean "Norseman, Viking".
This led quickly to the establishment of an Anglo-Norman army made up of Norman horsemen of noble blood, Saxon infantrymen often of equally noble blood, assimilated English freemen as rank-and-file, and foreign mercenaries and adventurers from other parts of the Continent. The younger Norman aristocracy showed a tendency towards Anglicisation ...
Arnulf de Montgomery (born c. 1066; died 1118/1122) was an Anglo-Norman magnate. [note 1] He was a younger son of Roger de Montgomery and Mabel de Bellême.Arnulf's father was a leading magnate in Normandy and England, and played an active part in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Wales in the late eleventh century.