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London dispersion forces also exist between ions and contribute to the lattice energy via polarization effects. For ionic compounds made of molecular cations and/or anions, there may also be ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions if either molecule has a molecular dipole moment. The theoretical treatments described below are focused on ...
The calculated lattice energy gives a good estimation for the Born–Landé equation; the real value differs in most cases by less than 5%. Furthermore, one is able to determine the ionic radii (or more properly, the thermochemical radius) using the Kapustinskii equation when the lattice energy is known.
Flory–Huggins solution theory is a lattice model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular sizes in adapting the usual expression for the entropy of mixing. The result is an equation for the Gibbs free energy change for mixing a polymer with a solvent. Although it makes simplifying ...
The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound.In 1918 [1] Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term.
The Born–Mayer equation is an equation that is used to calculate the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound.It is a refinement of the Born–Landé equation by using an improved repulsion term.
The lengths of principal axes/edges, of unit cell and angles between them are lattice constants, also called lattice parameters or cell parameters. The symmetry properties of crystal are described by the concept of space groups. [1] All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by 230 space groups.
The macroscopic energy equation for infinitesimal volume used in heat transfer analysis is [6] = +, ˙, where q is heat flux vector, −ρc p (∂T/∂t) is temporal change of internal energy (ρ is density, c p is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, T is temperature and t is time), and ˙ is the energy conversion to and from thermal ...
Extrapolating this to the entire lattice allowed them to arrive at their formula for the rate of pycnonuclear fusion: [10] = where is the density of the plasma, is the mean molecular weight per electron (atomic nucleus), is a constant equal to and serves as a conversion factor from atomic mass units to grams, and represents the thermal average ...