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An increase in leg length since the evolution of bipedalism changed how leg muscles functioned in upright gait. In humans, the push for walking comes from the leg muscles acting at the ankle. A longer leg allows the use of the natural swing of the limb so that, when walking, humans do not need to use muscle to swing the other leg forward for ...
[51]: 2–3 Various types of bearing and/or lubricant may be used to reduce friction at the interface between two components. [52] In biological joints such as the human knee, friction is reduced by means of cartilage with a very low friction coefficient, as well as lubricating synovial fluid, which has very low viscosity. [53]
Wolff's law, developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. [1] If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loading.
Crepitus is "a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone". Various types of crepitus that can be heard in joint pathologies are: Bone crepitus: This can be heard when two fragments of a fracture are moved against each other.
Cancellous bone or spongy bone, [12] [11] also known as trabecular bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network that follows the material properties of biofoams. [13] [14] Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible.
And no matter what you call it — it means the bone is in trouble. "So, there are lots of different types of breaks, but ultimately cracked, broken, fractured, snapped. You pick the term.
Bone tissue is a dynamic system with active metabolism. [24] Bone tissue remodelling or bone remodeling is a successive chain of old bone matrix removal and its replacement with a new one. [25] These processes make a child’s skeleton grow and extend, while childhood is characterized by bone tissue growth rather than its resorption.
A subcutaneous bursa is located between the skin and an underlying bone. It allows skin to move smoothly over the bone. Examples include the prepatellar bursa located over the kneecap and the olecranon bursa at the tip of the elbow. A submuscular bursa is found between a muscle and an underlying bone, or between adjacent muscles.