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The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) is an international soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. The currently valid version is the fourth edition 2022. [1] It is edited by a working group of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS).
Inceptisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. They form quickly through alteration of parent material. They are more developed than Entisols. [1] They have no accumulation of clays, iron oxide, aluminium oxide or organic matter. They have an ochric or umbric horizon and a cambic subsurface horizon.
Soil texture triangle showing the USDA classification system based on grain size. For soil resources, experience has shown that a natural system approach to classification, i.e. grouping soils by their intrinsic property (soil morphology), behaviour, or genesis, results in classes that can be interpreted for many diverse uses.
Soil Survey Staff: Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington D.C., USA, 2014. IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015. World Soil Resources Reports 106, FAO, Rome 2015. ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7 (PDF 2,3 MB).
A Cambisol in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) [1] is a soil in the beginning of soil formation. The horizon differentiation is weak. This is evident from weak, mostly brownish discolouration and/or structure formation in the soil profile. Distribution of Cambisols
An Alisol is a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). [1] Alisols have an argic horizon, which has a high cation exchange capacity. In the subsoil, the base saturation is low. There exist mixed forms, for example 'Stagnic Alisol', that are mainly Alisol, but also contain components that are found in Stagnosols.
Distribution of Durisols. A Durisol is a Reference Soil Group under the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) [1] referring to free-draining soils in arid and semi-arid environments that contain grains cemented together by secondary silica (SiO 2) in the upper metre of soil, occurring either as concretions (durinodes – duric horizon) or as a continuously cemented layer (duripan ...
Lixisols are a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). [1] They are soils with subsurface accumulation of low activity clays and high base saturation. They develop under intensive tropical weathering conditions and subhumid to semi-arid climate. [2] Soil profile of a Lixisol