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  2. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate; mathematically, the bottom line should be the same as the top line, in 'fp-math' the step '1 + 1/9000' leads to a rounding up as the first bit of the 14 bit tail '10111000110010' of the mantissa falling off the table when adding 1 is a '1', this up-rounding is not undone when subtracting the 1 again, since there is no ...

  3. CUSUM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUSUM

    CUSUM was announced in Biometrika, in 1954, a few years after the publication of Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). [2] E. S. Page referred to a "quality number" , by which he meant a parameter of the probability distribution; for example, the mean. He devised CUSUM as a method to determine changes in it, and proposed a criterion ...

  4. Probability distribution fitting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distribution...

    An estimate of the uncertainty in the first and second case can be obtained with the binomial probability distribution using for example the probability of exceedance Pe (i.e. the chance that the event X is larger than a reference value Xr of X) and the probability of non-exceedance Pn (i.e. the chance that the event X is smaller than or equal ...

  5. Standard normal table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table

    Example: Prob(Z ≤ 0.69) = 0.7549. Complementary cumulative gives a probability that a statistic is greater than Z. This equates to the area of the distribution above Z. Example: Find Prob(Z ≥ 0.69). Since this is the portion of the area above Z, the proportion that is greater than Z is found by subtracting Z from 1.

  6. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    The probability density, cumulative distribution, and inverse cumulative distribution of any function of one or more independent or correlated normal variables can be computed with the numerical method of ray-tracing [39] (Matlab code). In the following sections we look at some special cases.

  7. Gumbel distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumbel_distribution

    The standard Gumbel distribution is the case where = and = with cumulative distribution function = ()and probability density function = (+).In this case the mode is 0, the median is ⁡ (⁡ ()), the mean is (the Euler–Mascheroni constant), and the standard deviation is /

  8. Officials say mystery drones are not tracking missing ...

    www.aol.com/officials-mystery-drones-not...

    Melham told CBS News he used the instance as an example of what the drones may be looking for. "My point is, they are flying in a grid-like pattern, in my opinion, sniffing for something," he said.

  9. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    For example, the 68% confidence limits for a one-dimensional variable belonging to a normal distribution are approximately ± one standard deviation σ from the central value x, which means that the region x ± σ will cover the true value in roughly 68% of cases. If the uncertainties are correlated then covariance must be taken into account ...